abnormal operations and emergency procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes aerodrome landing area (ALA) or helicopter landing site (HLS) dimension and lighting requirements for fixed or rotary wing NVFR operations aerodrome operations where surrounding light is limited airways clearance requirements for entering, operating in and departing CTA and CTR, including what details to provide to air traffic control (ATC), and what details to expect from ATC airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace, including lead time required for flight plan submission, contents, clearance void time, and read back requirement alternate aerodrome planning requirements altimetry procedures to all stages of a night visual flight ATC procedures relevant to NVFR operations ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA, including in an emergency compulsory reporting points for route selected controlled area protection departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent and visual approach procedures at night, in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes dimensions of the significant safety sector when calculating lowest safe altitude (LSALT) for a route not published on a chart distance measuring equipment (DME): DME or GNSS arrival information DME or GNSS arrival procedures and limitations in all classes of airspace pilot responsibilities when DME or GNSS arrival is conducted outside controlled airspace conditions permitting descent below LSALT procedure for joining circuit using a DME or GNSS arrival principles of operation of DME or GNSS radio equipment procedures for handling loss of radio communication during a DME or GNSS arrival explanation of conditions for descent below LSALT GNSS: principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GNSS system methods of position fixing using a GNSS system GNSS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment GNSS operating procedures that provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness indications of waypoint passage GNSS operational and serviceability checks human factor limitations associated with using GNSS equipment requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GNSS operations parameters applicable to tracking tolerances, automatic waypoint sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability mode of operation required during each segment of a GNSS/NPA, conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode, and associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in en route, terminal and approach modes effect of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction effect of satellite unserviceability on reliability of each type of prediction effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements operational requirements that apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GNSS/NPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects operating procedures for GNSS equipment that reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors human factors and physiological limitations for conducting NVFR operations loss of radio communication procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes maximum permissible time interval in between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring methods of establishing and calculating LSALT: from published charts for route not published position uncertainty minimum NVFR aircraft equipment requirements navigation requirements for a night visual flight using radio, self-contained or long-range navigation systems navigation requirements for a night visual flight using visual reference to ground and water navigation requirements for night visual flight with respect to time interval between fixes, accuracy of time reference, and accuracy and procedures in track-keeping navigation route requirements for NVFR: forecast weather controlled airspace (CTA) prohibited, restricted and danger areas (PRD) engine out performance for multi-engine aircraft specified route limitations airways operational requirements availability of published routes en route alternate aerodromes navigation aids rated coverage radio communication navigation tolerance for a night visual flight avoiding CTA NDB: effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range methods of selecting and using the most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation NDB position fixing, tracking techniques, procedures and limitations operation of VHF aerodrome lighting pilot activated lighting (PAL) pre-flight altimeter accuracy check for a night visual flight principles of operations, limitations and errors for NVFR radio navigation systems privileges and limitations of NVFR rating procedures of night visual flight in all classes of airspace when diverting from track due to navigation or weather radar emergency procedures, including loss of radio communication, radar failure, transponder emergency codes, and aircraft emergencies radar services that are provided by ATC radar vectoring procedures, including radio procedures and phraseologies radio procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome requirements for departure and descent for clearance from terrain requirements for positive radio fixing and the most precise track guidance separation provisions between NVFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA separation provisions between NVFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR VHF omni directional radio range (VOR): VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from the VOR VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations. |