The Constitution of Matter elements, compounds, mixtures, states of matter; atomic structure: protons, neutrons electrons; electron structure of atoms; the Bohr atom The Periodic Table The Constitution of Matter chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic; valencies of common ions and radicals; chemical reactions: balancing equations; molecular & ionic equations; Avogadro's number and the mole concept; solubility and precipitation, solution concentration; stoichiometric calculations. The Gas Laws Kinetic Theory; Boyles Law, Charles Law, Combined Gas Law; Ideal Gas equation PV=nRT, molar volume of a gas; Gay-Lussac's Law, Avogadro's Law; gas reaction calculations. Oxidation and Reduction definitions of oxidation and reduction; half reactions; balancing redox equations; significance of oxidation and reduction in metallurgy Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics; Exothermic and endothermic reactions Heats of reaction, combustion,etc; Hess' Law Heat capacity, Kirchoff's Law Acid-base theory, hydrolysis; Ionic product for water: pH, and pOH, the pH scale Equilibrium constant Effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium constant Equilibrium and Free Energy Change Carnot cycle: concept of entropy; Second Law of Thermodynamics; Gibbs free energy; Relationship between free energy and equilibrium constant; Van't Hoff isotherm, Ban't Hoss isochore Relationship between free energy and temperature Rates of Chemical Reactions Factors affecting rates of reaction; Collisions theory, activation energy; Theory of absolute reaction times Electrochemistry Electrolytic conduction: ionic conduction; Theories of ionisation; Ostwalds's dilution law, Onsager equation; Electrode potential, electrical double layer; Redox potentials, e.m.f series; Electrochemical cells, anodes, and cathodes (definition); Nernst equation; Applications of electrochemistry; Galvanic series, Pourbaix diagrams, Corrosion, electroplating, refining |