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The Range Statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Add any essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts. |
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Basic germ theory may include: | What germs are, including conflict/compatibility with traditional knowledgeWhere germs liveTheir source e.g. raw meat, rubbish, sewerage, sick animalsConditions that germs need for growth e.g. temperature, food, water and timeWhat parasites are, and types of parasites e.g. protozoa, worms, mites and liceDisease categories (bacterial, viral), types of diseases and their signs and symptomsDiseases or infection that can be attributed to parasites, types of diseases and their signs and symptoms |
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Bacterial diseases may include: | SalmonellaStaphylococcusCampylobacter |
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Signs and symptoms may include: | DiarrhoeaVomiting and/or nausea FeverAbdominal cramps and painsHeadachesLethargy |
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E-Coli signs and symptoms may include: | Abdominal cramps and painsSevere diarrhoeaVomiting and/or nauseaLethargy DehydrationFeverIndigestion |
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Tetanus signs and symptoms may include: | Very painful musclesSevere spasms and cramps in the neck, face, and bodyInability to control movementsDeath |
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Viral diseases may include: | Colds and fluHepatitis AGastroenteritisTrachomaRoss River FeverAustralian Encephalitis |
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Colds and flu signs and symptoms may include: | Blocked and runny noseCoughs and sneezesDry or sore throatHeadache and fever |
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Hepatitis A signs and symptoms may include: | Vomiting and/or nauseaAbdominal cramps and painsYellowing of the skin and whites of the eyesLiver dysfunctionDeath |
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Gastroenteritis signs and symptoms may include: | DiarrhoeaVomiting and/or nauseaDehydrationFeverLethargy Abdominal cramps and pains |
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Trachoma signs and symptoms may include: | Sore eyesRed eyesWatering eyes |
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Ross River Fever signs and symptoms may include: | Severe joint painSkin rashLethargy Fever and headaches |
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Australian encephalitis - signs and symptoms may include: | Very severe headacheFeverConvulsionsParalysisInflammation of the brainComaBrain damageDeath |
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Diseases attributed to parasites may include: | Dwarf Tape Worm infectionGiardiasisHookworm infectionThreadworm (or Pinworm) infectionScabies infection |
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Dwarf Tape Worm infection - signs and symptoms may include: | DiarrhoeaWeight loss Lethargy Abdominal pain |
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Giardiasis signs and symptoms may include: | Very severe or chronic diarrhoeaAbdominal cramps and painsLethargyFatigueWeight loss |
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Hookworm infection signs and symptoms may include: | AnaemiaFeverDiarrhoea or constipation |
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Threadworm (or Pinworm) infection signs and symptoms may include: | Anal itchingDisturbed sleepIrritability |
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Scabies infection signs and symptoms may include: | Itchy skinExcessive scratchingInfections from breaks in the skin as a result of excessive scratchingIrritability |
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Vehicles/agents of transmission may include: | Water droplets in the airHandsWind blown dustWaterVectors (insects and rodents)The blood which carries germs around in the body |
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The way in which diseases are transmitted may be via: | A person with a cold or flu coughing or sneezing near other people without covering their mouth/nose, others breathe in the water droplets containing the flu germ and contract the diseaseNot washing hands after going to the toilet, carrying germs from faeces onto the hands, and then eating food: faecal-oral (mouth) routeA person with trachoma sharing clothes, towels etc. with othersInsects and rodents crawling over rubbish, and then onto food which is then eatenDirectly from insects such as mosquitoes that are carrying diseases from animals to people e.g. Australian Encephalitis, Ross River Fever, etc.Direct contact with germs through the skin e.g. open cuts, sores or other kind of breaks in the skinThe burrowing of larvae (hookworm) or mites (scabies) through the skin |
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Destination of germs refers to: | The place where the germs and parasites finally land and cause infection |
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Destination of germs may include: | The eyes The skin The stomach |
Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a housing context may include: | The provision of functional and durable health hardware, e.g. taps, drains, toilets, washing machines, shower roses, hot water systemsOngoing repairs and maintenance to health hardwareGood domestic hygiene practicesEnvironmental pest control strategies in relation to housing e.g. fly screens on the windows, fly-proofed toilet vent pipes, household bins with tight fighting lids, removal of rubbish in yard which could potentially become a breeding place for mosquitoesUtilisation of the yard area for visitors to reduce the impact of overcrowding in the house, e.g. wind breaks, cooking areas and protected sleeping areasEducation/health promotion |
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Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a water supply context may include: | Assessing where and how a community accesses its water supply in order to monitor and prevent possible contamination either at the source, such as a river or bore, in storage such as elevated tanks, or in the pipe system which delivers water to the userIdentifying possible water supply contaminants, (organic and inorganic) that can contaminate or pollute a water supply, e.g. animal carcasses, animal and human sewage, decaying plant matter, oil, petrol, scrap metal and chemical etc.Preventing possible contamination of surface water supply (rivers, lakes, billabongs etc.) by: obtaining water upstream from any possible contamination sources such as effluent run off points, or swimming holesobtaining water from the deepest possible point in the water supplyensuring that people do not use the area around the water supply source for recreation usesensuring that there is little or no building development near the water supplyensuring that septic tanks/leach drains and effluent disposal systems are 100m from the water supply etc.Preventing possible contamination of bore water at the source e.g. fences around the bore head to keep animals away, raised bore head above ground level in case of flooding, septic tanks/leach drains and effluent disposal sites 100m away from the bore etc.Preventing possible contamination of community water tanks, e.g. tanks need to have proper fitting lids, be clean, not leaking, and free from animals such as frogs. It is advisable to also have a high fence with a locked gate around the tank to keep people and animals out, etc.Preventing possible contamination of domestic rain water tanks e.g. tanks need to have a proper fitting lid or some form of cover, be clean, not leaking. Roof and gutters also need to be clean and free from debriscontinued ... |
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Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a water supply context may include (contd): | Preventing possible contamination in the pipe system e.g. all joints need to be maintained free of leaks, pipes placed below ground whenever possible to protect them from damage, any above ground pipes held secure to protect them from damage especially from vehicles, any leaks or broken pipes repaired as soon as possible, and connections to tanks, pumps and bores maintained free of leaksTesting water supply (bacterial/chemical) Disinfection of water supplyBasic plumbing e.g. changing washers, reseating taps, unblocking drains etc.Education/heath promotion |
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Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a sewage context may include: | Maintenance of sewerage disposal systems to ensure that all faulty, blocked, damaged broken or worn out parts are mended as soon as possibleMonitoring and reporting sewage or effluent collecting in pools as a result of overflowing sewage lagoons or broken sewerage pipesMonitoring and maintaining sewage lagoons e.g. eroded or broken lagoon banks, trees and /or other vegetation growing in or around the sewage lagoon, signs of mosquitoes breeding, rubbish in the water, a damaged gate or fence that can not be locked properly to keep out animals and children etc.Checking for signs of potential problems with sewage ponds e.g. bad smells, still areas on the surface of the pond, water which is not a light flecked green colour, water depth not being maintained at one metre etc.All installations of septic systems on communities need to meet adequate environmental health standards e.g. septic tanks/leach drains need to be 100m away from the water supply, and large enough to cope with fluctuating occupancies in the household etc.Monitoring and maintaining septic tanks e.g. check scum bucket, blanket, inlet/outlet pipes, sludge, and the lid of the tank for cracks and damage. Also need to check for overflow, and if drain has collapsed.Checking for signs of potential problems with on site systems e.g. the sewage in the toilet or the liquid waste from other fixtures flows away very slowly, liquid waste overflows from the disconnector traps, bad smells near the septic tank, wet areas on top of the tank, the grass around the tank is very green and growing well etc.Septic tanks need to be pumped out and leach drains replaced when requiredAdopting strategies for communities and/or outstations without a sewerage disposal system e.g. grease traps, soakage pits, pit toilets etc.Education/health promotion |
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Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a rubbish collection and disposal context may include: | The promotion and implementation of special clean up days in the community e.g. larger items such as washing machines, car bodies, fridges and freezers to reduce potential mosquito breeding areas, and safety hazardsRubbish must be collected and disposed of at an approved tip site at least twice a week to prevent pest breeding cyclesEnsuring that there is all season access to the tip siteEnsuring that the collection vehicle is adequate e.g. constructed so that collected rubbish can not "fall" or be blown out as it is being transported to the disposal siteEnsuring that tip sites are constructed and operated appropriately e.g. location of tip site in relation to the community, roads leading in and out, appropriate signage, access, depth of trenches etc.Education/health promotion |
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Strategies to prevent the transmission of disease in a food storage and handling context may include: | Assessing and monitoring community food stores to ensure that adequate environmental health standards are being met/enforcedThe development of store management plans which take into account food handling training protocols, stock rotation practices, quality control check points and equipment maintenance logEducation/health promotion in relation to food storage and handling practices in the home and community e.g. the dangers of food being left uncovered, or out overnight on the stove or near the camp fire, not washing hands after going to the toilet, sneezing or coughing on food, re- freezing food that has already thawed out etcAppropriate use of cleaning equipment and agents in relation to food hygiene practiceProvision of, or access to, functional and durable refrigerators and freezers for use of householders and community membersAdequate dry storage areas, as well as food preparation and storage surfaces, in the household and/or living areas |
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Other key people and agencies may include: | Environmental Health OfficersOther health service professionalsEssential Services OfficersAboriginal Health WorkersRelevant government authoritiesOther community workersHouseholders and community membersCommunity councilCommunity store manager/owner |
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Points of contact refers to: | Names and contact numbers of people and/or organisations who are responsible for the overseeing and implementation of various preventative strategies in relation to housing, water supply, sewerage, rubbish collection and disposal and food storage and handling |
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Organisation may include: | Community councilCommunity clinicOther employer body/agency |
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