air traffic control (ATC) rules and procedures: abnormal operations and/or emergency procedures in control area (CTA), control zone (CTR), Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes airways clearance requirements for entering, operating in and departing CTA and CTR, including what details to provide to ATC, and what details to expect from ATC airways clearance requirements for operating in all classes of airspace, including lead time required for flight plan submission, contents, clearance void time, and read back requirement ATC requirements for a change of level in CTA, including in an emergency controlled area protection departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent and visual approach procedures, day and night, in CTA and CTR departure, climb, transition to cruise (levelling out), cruise, change of levels, descent, and arrival procedures in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes loss of radio communication procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes maximum permissible time interval is between ATC transmissions during radar vectoring radar emergency procedures, including loss of radio communication, radar failure, transponder emergency codes, and aircraft emergencies radar services that are provided by ATC radar vectoring procedures, including radio procedures and phraseologies radio procedures in CTA, CTR, Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes requirements and procedure for a diversion to an alternate aerodrome separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in the various classes of CTA separation provisions between IFR flights, and IFR and VFR flights in GAAP CTR visual approach procedures, day and night, in Class G airspace and at non-controlled aerodromes, including landing manoeuvres, cancellation of search and rescue alerting (SARWATCH), and operation of VHF aerodrome lighting (PAL) GNSS: effect of availability or otherwise of baro-aiding on RAIM availability and prediction effect of each type of RAIM prediction operational requirements effect of satellite unserviceability on the reliability of each type of prediction factors that may adversely affect the conduct of a GNSS/NPA and explain suitable pilot procedures to minimise such effects GNSS operating procedures for typical navigational tasks using a specific type of aircraft equipment GNSS operating procedures that provide safeguards against navigational errors and loss of situational awareness GNSS operational and serviceability checks human factor limitations associated with using GNSS equipment indications of waypoint passage methods of position fixing using a GNSS system mode of operation required during each segment of a GNSS/NPA, conditions required to transition to and operate in that mode, and associated CDI sensitivity and RAIM protection provided operating procedures for GNSS equipment that reduce or eliminate errors due to any of these factors operational requirements that apply to planning a flight on the basis of conducting a RNAV (GNSS) procedure at the destination parameters applicable to RAIM warnings in the en route, terminal and approach modes parameters applicable to tracking tolerances, automatic waypoint sequencing, CDI sensitivity and RAIM availability principles of operation, performance limitations and errors of a GNSS system requirements applicable to pilots and equipment for GNSS operations NDB: effects of coastal refraction, night error, thunderstorms, mountainous areas, types of terrain and altitude of aircraft on NDB indications or range methods of selecting and using most appropriate NDB for tracking during navigation NDB tracking techniques, procedures and limitations procedures for sector entry and holding using NDB VOR: procedures for sector entry and holding using VOR VOR instrument settings required to provide command indications when flying on given tracks both to and from VOR VOR tracking techniques, procedures and limitations. |